Faʻafefea Stem Cell Innovation Faʻateleina Neuroscience Research

O se tasi o mea taua i le suʻesuʻeina o le faiʻai o le tagata o le i ai lea o le agavaʻa e faʻatautaia ai suʻesuʻega i le mea moni o le tino o le tagata. O lona iʻuga, o le tele o suʻesuʻega faʻasaienisi o loʻo faʻatautaia i luga o isumu o se sui o le mammalian. O le mea e toe teʻi ai i lenei auala o le rodent utak e ese i le fausaga ma le faʻagaioiga. E tusa ai ma le faamatalaga a Johns Hopkins, o le faiʻai o le tagata e tusa ma le 30 pasene o neo ma le 70 pasene o le glia, ae o le faiʻai o le isumu e i ai le isi itu [1]. Na maua e le au suʻesuʻe a le MIT o dendrites o tagata neura latou te feaveaʻi faailo eletise e ese mai i rodent neurons [2]. O se fesuiaʻiga fou o le faʻatupuina o le faiʻai o le tagata e faʻaaogaina tekonolosi sela.

Pogai sela o sela le faʻapitoa e faʻaosoina ai sela eseʻese. O se mea lata mai na maua talu mai le 80's. O sela o le Embryonic stem na maua muamua i le 1981 e Sir Martin Evans o Cardiff University, UK, sosoo ai ma le Iunivesite o Cambridge, o le 2007 Nobel Laureate i vailaʻau [3].

I le 1998, tutoʻatasi tagata sela afuafua tuputupu ae sela na totoina i totonu o le potu suesue e James Thomson o le Iunivesite o Wisconsin i Madison ma John Gearhart o Johns Hopkins University i Baltimore [4].

I le valu tausaga mulimuli ane ai, na maua ai e Shinya Yamanaka o le Iunivesite o Kyoto i Iapani se metotia e suia ai sela o isumu i isumu pipisi e faʻaaoga ai se siama e faʻalauiloa ai genes e fa [5]. O sela sela e maua ai le tomai e atiaʻe ai i isi ituaiga sela. Yamanaka, faʻatasi ai ma John B. Gurdon, manumalo i le Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 mo le mauaina o sela matutua e mafai ona toe faʻapolokalameina e avea ma pluripotent [6]. Lenei manatu ua lauiloa o le faʻaosoina pluripotent mafuaʻaga sela, poʻo iPSCs.

I le 2013, o le vaega suʻesuʻe a Europa o saienitisi, na taʻitaʻia e Madeline Lancaster ma Juergen Knoblich, na fausia se tolu-itu (3D) cerebral organoid faʻaaogaina sela o tagata pluripotent stem e "tupu e tusa ma le fa milimita le tele ma mafai ona ola i le umi o le 10 masina . [7]. ” O lenei o se sili taua alualu i luma e pei o muamua neuron faataitaiga na galueaina i le 2D.

Talu ai nei lava, ia Oketopa 2018, o se 'au o le Tufts-led saienitisi na faʻatupuina se 3D faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata faiʻai tino na faʻaalia faʻavaʻa neural gaioiga mo le le iva masina. O le suesuega na lolomiina ia Oketopa 2018 i le ACS Biomaterial Science & Engineering, o se tusi o talaaga a le American Chemical Society [8].

Mai le amataga mauaina o sela sela i isumu i le tuputupu ae 3D tagata neural fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga mai pluripotent sela sela i lalo ifo o le 40 tausaga, o le saoasaoa o le faʻasaienisi alualu i luma ua exponential. O nei 3D tagata faiʻai tino faʻataʻitaʻi mafai ona fesoasoani i luma suʻesuʻega i le mauaina o fou togafitiga mo Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (lea e taʻua o le ALS poʻo le Lou Gehrig's faamaʻi), ma le tele o isi faʻamaʻi ma faʻalavelave o le faiʻai. O mea faigaluega o loʻo faʻaaogaina e le neuroscience mo suʻesuʻega o loʻo tupuola i le faʻafaigata, ma o sela sela e taua tele ile saoasaoa ole alualu i luma e manuia ai tagata soifua.

Pule Tau Fatuga © 2018 Cami Rosso Ua taofia aia tatau uma.

2. Rosso, Cami. "Aisea e faʻaalia ai e le faiʻai o le tagata faʻaaloaloga maualuga?" Psychology Aso Nei. Oketopa 19, 2018

3. Cardiff Iunivesite. "Sir Martin Evans, Nobel Prize i Faʻafomai." Toe aumai 23 Oketopa 2018 mai http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Loto Manatu. “Pogai sela sela.” 2015 Aperila. Toe aumai ile 10-23-2018 mai https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Faʻafefea ona suia e le iPS sela le lalolagi." Natura. 15 Iuni 2016.

6. Le Nobel Prize (2012-10-08). "O le Nobel Prize i Physiology poʻo Faʻafomaʻi 2012 [Faasalalauga Faasalalau]. Toe aumai 23 Oketopa 2018 mai le https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Young. "Saienisi Faʻatupu 3-O Tisini Brain Tagata." MIT Tekinolosi Iloiloga. Aukuso 28, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L. Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Tomasi; Peirent, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Hunter, Matini; Tang-Schomer, Min D. Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. ” Faʻagaioiga ma Gafataulimaina 3D Tagata Neural Fesoʻotaʻiga Faʻataʻitaʻiga mai Pluripotent Stem Cells. "ACS Biomaterial Science & Engineering, o se tusi o talaaga a le American Chemical Society. Oketopa 1, 2018